A short book, but filled with psych theory and primarily devoted to the discussion/sharing of research on motivation. Which is thought-provoking, if you've ever thought further about "how can I help these kids be more motivated?"
Well, according to Deci, that is not the question. Rather than "how can I motivate people?" the question is, "how can I create the conditions within which people will motivate themselves?" (from the blurb). It isn't just semantics either. Deci presents a thoroughly researched argument - he studied this area empirically for over 25 years - and well-chosen vignettes that illustrate his main points.
He begins by stating that rewards can hinder intrinsic motivation, and in some cases, can go further to destroy it. Praise can be considered a reward, if it used contiguously. In fact, rewards in general used contiguously are more akin to manipulation, which is considered external motivation and produces unsatisfactory results for everyone involved. (pp 67) In short, if intrinsic motivation is encouraged, then the learning will be deeper, retained longer, more likely to be pursued independently, and will positively affect future learning.
Deci places a lot of importance on the way that the message is delivered by a person in a "one-up" position, eg. teacher. Through his research, he has found that providing rationale, acknowledging feelings, and using inviting language rather than controlling to be the best to encourage intrinsic motivation in others. (pp 101)
Deci notes early on that taking care to nurture intrinsic motivation is hard. In contrast, it is easy to hand out a sticker, and usually gain compliance. But, at what cost is that compliance? And what of the learning you are trying to encourage?
I recommend this book for those who are interested in improving their pedagogy to incorporate deeper learning in their classes.
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